I've been to China and lived there for 5 years and now living in India for 3 years.
The infrastructure scale in China is huge. Even in small towns electricity is offered 24/7.
In India even in the largest cities there is constant load shedding, power cuts often 1 or 2 hours daily.
Internet is slower in India, heck you can't find screws for sales on Amazon India and in china even in the smallest towns, I saw speciality stores at every few kilometres who stocked every kind of screws.
India might be able to compete in terms of population but it's decades behind china in infrastructure.
No disrespect to India but I am afraid till India has insane custom duties on foreign imported products, Indian talent will have a self imposed ceiling.
In Chinese market, you can find quality German tools but in Indian market, even tools are hard to find, I've no idea how makers deal with this shit here.
If I had to tweak one policy in India, I'd remove all custom duties so that youth is able to import quality tools and inputs from abroad and is able to produce quality output from that.
India limits what you can import and puts tariff on that, this results in using shoddy input for manufacturing resulting in shoddy output.
Garbage in garbage out.
Talent is crushed before kt gets a chance to blossom.
And whatever companies product in India do not sell buy export their stuff to other rich countries and domestic market is kinda empty.
I think it's mostly investment in education. Certain cultures value education more than others. Certain states enforce more challenging and advanced curricula than others.
Africa. Bangladesh. Haiti. India(?) Look for where the clothing manufacturers have moved.
Most people who can be trained to run a stitching machine can be trained to work on an electronics assembly line.