In regards to number 2, it's those who do not need to sell their labor and instead purchase others. There is a power imbalance in the negotiation between those who sell labor and those who employ where those who sell their labor typically need employment to survive, but employers can survive without working. Because of this, those who employ are more likely able to set the terms where an employee produces more value than they personally need at a wage lower than the true value of the work. On a macro scale this means most of us are pushed towards working more than necessary at a lower pay while others accumulate the surplus