Also, "a study".

yeah a study that can be summarized as: "when you lie to people, they believe you", which is not exactly groundbreaking.

Asking someone questions about the basis of their opinions without educating them in the process isn't lying to them.

In this case, it discovers that their opinions are not fact-based, despite proclaiming to be so.

if you say that such-and-such policy will "reduce" the level of X to Y, and it turns out it was actually Y in the first place, and you knew that, then you have lied. there is no two ways about this.

it's an absurd gotcha. nobody has every statistic memorized.