You could also use postmarketos, mobian, etc. Have a look at the pmOS wiki for device support, most support USB OTG, and usually you don't need GPU acceleration nor screen/audio/cameras, which are usual pain points.
Don't forget to turn on option "Don't turn screen off when charging". Use a less powerful charger to power the smartphone. 5 Watt charger is enough. 2.5 Watt may work too.