I've long thought that poverty is the best way to do this, because it's self-correcting. We'll probably never be truly and fully equal in every way, just because random stuff happens and there's only one perfectly equal state out there, but a whole lot of unequal possibilities.

So inasmuch as any group is disadvantaged, they'll get more help due to there being more of them that are poor and this strategy will work to self-correct the imbalance.