Amanita Phalloides is the only one I know of you can easily die from (others are possible, but harder to overdose or need some other preconditions), but it is also one that you can easily mistake for some Agarici (Agaricūs?).

I know of a case where someone ate conserved ones (thought it's Agaricus) way after they were collected and actually survived, but only barely with a liver transplant if I remember correctly. Because the reaction is hours delayed it's also not easy to find out the cause for your bad state.

edit: I think it was the liver not kidney.