Exactly. This is for calibration of lab equipment, development of new measurement techniques, etc.

Just check out the associated certificate, of the measurements it guarantees:

https://tsapps.nist.gov/srmext/certificates/2387.pdf

This is a bit of a misunderstanding on the part of NileBlue: the NIST materials are not pure; they are produced mostly normally. The only reason they are expensive is that, once prepared, very precise measurements have been done on them, available along the purchase, so that food manufacturers can calibrate their machines.

Here’s a video talking about that: https://youtu.be/YqYAWF7wd9k?si=OeNMVoU66ZvQUts7&t=658

Best enjoyed with some local unregulated bread and a hot (100F for 3 mins) cup of standard reference yerba mate tea: https://shop.nist.gov/ccrz__ProductDetails?sku=3253&cclcl=en...

Presumably, but the question is what kind of lab measurements need this and why, as opposed to a simpler substance?

I'm speculating, but peanut butter is a common food for rodents. If you're conducting research using lab mice or rats and the diet of these animals needs to be very tightly controlled then you might need something like this?

in addition to the suggestion of lab food for rodents, presumably allergen testing for peanut allergies, devices or reagents used to detect allergens could be a large (and growing) use case.