Very true, this was likely an attack. Worth noting that mr kettle has done a defcon talk nearly every year on some variant of this attack, the most recent one titled "HTTP/1.1 must die" because he rightfully believes that switching to the binary headers of http/2 (specifically in reverse proxy connections to upstream servers) is the only way to systematically prevent these.
If you follow the link, the presentation abstract should hopefully answer that question!
If that doesn’t help I guess you’ll need to wait for the whitepaper to land but I can assure you I didn’t just do my normal research then add AI to the title for clicks :)