Code generation (by compiler) has one major difference: it's deterministic.

Here are the reported miscompilation bugs in GCC so far in 2026. The ones labeled "wrong-code".

https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?chfield=%5BBug%20cr

I count 500+ of them.

That's not what "deterministic" means.

Not sure what your point is here since wrong code doesn't mean non-deterministic. How many of these yield different results with the same input and architecture?