While we're dealing with the same issue at work, I sometimes still wonder exactly who these scrapers are. OpenAI, Google, Anthropic and others are normally fairly well behaved (Minus Anthropic attempting to hide behind a browser-for-hire company). Mostly you can get IP range and user-agents for the large players, while it problems mostly stem from bots pretending to be Chrome.
Our largest offenders seems to be mostly limited to South-East Asia, so probably mostly Chinese AI projects, but that's speculation. I also don't recall ever seeing Grok IP ranges or a specific Grok UA, but that doesn't mean that they're hiding, perhaps they're just not interested.
You need to account for the fact that a lot of scraping is delegated by the big players to smaller players who can take loss of reputation and can use questionable methods (residential IPs). Some of the scrapers from these AI companies have been written very poorly from performance perspective.
From what I understand the pressure has created even Google to be a lot more aggressive than what it was before. Not entirely sure but I believe google has two categories of scrapers, the regular one and a new one for AI
Still not sure about the "who" question, but here's the scale of money changing hands:
> Residential proxies are everywhere, so why did proxy DDoS attacks mostly come from the U.S.? The answer is money. If you are committing fraud or circumventing content restrictions, a Russian IP address gets geo-blocked instantly. A fresh U.S. residential IP address (especially one behind carrier-grade NAT and harder to block individually) is “gold.” Customers pay up to $95 to lease a single U.S. residential IP address for 2 weeks (versus $0.30 for an Eastern European IP). Compare that to your own ARPU per subscriber and sit with it for a second. When an individual IP is worth more than the customer relationship behind it, you don’t have a technical problem. You have a market problem.[1]
Here is the fun part, the same companies invests millions of dollars to protect its infrastructure and services from scrapers/bots AND they also invest millions of dollars to circumvent the bots, captchas and rate limits.
Unfortunately you cant have it both ways which makes it hard problem to solve for everyone
if they pay 190/mo to proxy, i should just sell my ip direct -> profit
i pay less than half that for fiber , should get a few more isp accounts, and rake it in.
One of the defining characteristics of AI turned out to be utter and profound facelessness. The scraping, the data centers, the slop content, it's like it all comes from thin air. Nobody is talking about who is really doing all this or why, because it's always just coming from... somewhere else outside of our place.
I'm talking about managerial AI-induced psychosis and/or FOMO. Make the underlings use it so they can tell the shareholders that AI is making great strides.
Well, some websites claimed China is behind it, which could make sense (I would not know either way). At the same time, though, I kind of doubt your carte blanche here for all those companies. Why would you think none of them are responsible for the AI slop spam?
> Our largest offenders seems to be mostly limited to South-East Asia, so probably mostly Chinese AI projects, but that's speculation
Ok. So you also don't know. Well, I don't know either, but I don't make a speculation by claiming x, y, and z companies to be exempt. In my book they are all responsible.
We see constant abuse from the Tencent ASN/associated ACE ASN, and I've memorized the china169 backbone asn as AS4837 because of thr nonstop crawlers splattered across their network ranges. It's not possible to ID the operator running the crawlers running from these networks but there's a clear signal of the origin of some of these entities.
Well, those companies have bots that identify themselves, and you can see what they're doing. Google especially have decades of experience of designing scrapers and seem to be able to the job of scraping the whole internet without causing problems in that time.
So, it's still possible they are also running a bunch of poorly-coded scraper bots through residential proxies, but it seems a little non-obvious why they would be doing this.
(It is worth pointing out that most of this traffic seems to be dumb: it's stuff like getting lost in generated link forests of some web apps or repeatly re-querying the same endpoint on a super-high frequency. This isn't exactly going to give a good return on investment for AI training data, especially since AIUI the main race for LLM performance now is in good quality training data)
>So, it's still possible they are also running a bunch of poorly-coded scraper bots through residential proxies, but it seems a little non-obvious why they would be doing this.
why "non obvious"? The easiest explanation is gathering training data sets, and is mostly caused by AI companies guarding their pile of essentially stolen IP (given how little they care about copyright) from eachother, without sharing any competition need to get their own and re-crawl to update it too
Well, why run both a well-behaved, easily identifiable bot that probably already gets them all the data they need (they seem to be spending most of their time and money on getting higher quality data than your average internet scrape), and this crap? Like, it's possible the obvious bots are a smokescreen, don't actually work well enough, and they are actually also reliant on data sources that contain 2 million copies of gentoo's bugs database. It's even possible that they are indirectly responsible for it, by buying datasets from shady sources, but again this requires a few jumps that I would like to see justified by evidence.
I sometimes still wonder exactly who these scrapers are
This has zero to do with AI (it's just a convenient scapegoat that fits the narrative). Absolutely everything to do with those pushing for centralised control of the Internet.
After a decade and half we had to restrict our public side and reorganize our old TED content because scrappers were really hungry for assorted captioned videos. If you have anything of value for training you get eaten alive if you stick out, it's like wearing short pants in the summer tundra.
It's going to change a lot the internet we knew, unless somehow we managed to agree on a common high quality dataset repository.
It is time for micropayments integrated in the browser. Pay 5 cents to access each bug report. Not fun, it shouldn't be like this, but better than not having a bugtracker at all.
Not sure it works, isn't it already like that if you have the cursed javascript-only pages? It's basically proof of work to access their content (and if you are scrapping en masse you likely also need some LLM getting involved)
I suppose the cost of hardware, network usage, and electricity is still under 0.05? I mean, we know the unit economics for LLMs don't make a ton of sense, except if enterprise customers really are what keeps the lights on.
With micropayments, the server owner makes 1 million requests times 0.05 cents = ~$500
The status quo with those js PoW pages doesn't really benefit the server owner at all, it's wasted energy.
I mean proof of work is always wasted energy, but I figure it's better to kill two birds with one stone.
CoinHive was one example of this. (I think this is a correct link? https://github.com/cazala/coin-hive). Although I think ideally you would want to have some sort of browser plugin or app that runs on bare metal instead of a proof-of-work in the browser, because RandomX is designed such that it's slow when implemented in JS (https://github.com/tevador/RandomX/blob/master/doc/design.md)
and do you happen to know a zero friction payment system that works internationally like the Internet itself does? because I promise you that unless you already have a captive audience, even a minuscule amount of friction to access your service will cost you an overwhelming percentage of organic human visitors.
Something like Chaum's blind-signature based ecash, or GNU Taler would be ideal in terms of efficiency, but it's still centralized in distribution. Freenet currently uses something like this.
Another option I was thinking of would be a pretty inflationary (or demurrage) cryptocurrency in which you have some sort of RandomX or other CPU-bound PoW. A web server could act as a mining pool and use mining shares interchangibly with micropayments.
You could do this mining-share method with Monero right now, it's just that you have higher transaction size in Monero and no real analogue to Bitcoin's LN-based microtransactions. Also you would want the cryptocurrency to be more inflationary (or demurrage-based) to promote usage.
Monero's FCMP++ lays some groundwork for payment channels, but it still lacks the nessisary timelocks. Also there was DLSAG which could have enabled payment channels I think, but it's no longer relevant. I also insist that you would need to change the tokenomics to favor greater inflation (maybe you could make coinbase scale linearly with hashrate?), otherwise the miner reward would be economicially insufficient.
Lightning - a fast, instant, bitcoin layer 2 network - is perfectly sufficient for micropayments. Volatility is a no-issue in this case, as you can freely trade the 5 cents in realtime into other assets and minimize holding time of BTC. You will loose the spread, ofc.
1) it requires you to open a lightning channel. So you need some amount of initial investment (which usually means you need a credit card and an account on a bitcoin exchange), not just any computer which is the issue that using mining shares solves. The initial investment is my main grudge, as it is way too much friction for 402 Payment Required applications. Also as bitcoiners like sztorc note, this isn't feasible for most of the world's population due to bitcoin's small block size.
2) It's not private. People are going to be linking these things to their identities on crypto exchanges. So now feds can basicially track everything you do on the internet that way. LN is only private in the sense that not every transaction is broadcast to everyone else on the network, which is a very low bar. Chainalysis is possible with the right connections.
To a lesser extent, 3) Centralization in the lightning routing protocol which contributes to the effect of #2.
1) is not a problem because you can chose a custodial wallet and not deal with anything - just as any bank account is also a custodial wallet. And when you pay anything online with credit card, it sure as hell is also not private or non-custodial.
2) it is at least as private as cash. If you withdraw cash from an ATM, the serial numbers are linked to your account. But you can simply spend that cash and obtain it from people you know and transact with, in which case it is private. So yes, if you acquire lightning from an exchange, it is not private. But those lightning transfers you receive outside from an exchance, are untraceable and private. And where you send/spend them too is always private and untraceable.
I am not opening libertierian and freedom-of-money discussions, it is all about being able to facilitate micropayments over the internet. In contrast to traditional banking and credit cards, lightning serves that purpose quite well because it is decentralized because it is based on bitcoin.
Friction-free is a big ask. Brave tried something a while back with their Brave Payments, but of course no one trusts them and it’s not going anywhere.
Frictionless micropayments is THE business opportunity dangling here. I'm so disappointed that the Bitcoin bros never made it easy and fast to use Bitcoin for peer to peer micropayments.
Re audience, the audience for Gentoo bugzilla went just to zero. If even 1% of the current bugzilla users would use the micropayments, that's literally infinitely more organic human visitors than today.
Fine, but you have the invest in the CPU to determine if the payment was made. That's a cost on you, not the scraper. If the scraper bangs on that payment door 1000x you've spent a fair chunk of CPU looking for valid cookies, query the redis/valkey and DB to manage payment auth.
You're not wrong, it is time the scraper pays, but you're going to have to fund it still.
I don't claim to have a better answer.
I want a perfect solution that is free, putting pages up used to be free, now it isn't.
How many pages does the average software developer visit everyday? 1.000? Price at 0.001 per load and it’ll be completely impractical for crawlers but super cheap for the average connected human on earth.
Also a great way to block the access to people that do not have a payment system available. Whether it is because they are not in a country that's well integrated into an international payment system, or because they are under 18.
I browsed a lot of those sites when I was a teenager and did not have a credit card or easy access to internet money.
Only very minimally. A dollar is no longer worth that much. People who live under 1-2 dollars a day probably aren't browsing that much internet per day.
there is a captcha type thing you can implement in javascript that forces them to do math, I never remember what it's called but it has some anime catgirl as the logo, I imagine you could modify that a bit to make them mine bitcoin or something.
I don't really understand why there is resistance to in-browser Anubis-style gating using crypto mining for public sites like this.
You mine crypto and my free service remains cost-neutral. Yes, that transfers some of the cost to you, but it is marginal.
You want to bang on my servers with the fury of a thousand madmen, then I'll scale up the servers and you can pay the marginal cost of your access.
Or micropayments, of course, but hard to get normal users to sign up for micropayments. Micropayments could of course be the way to bypass the crypto mining gate.
>I don't really understand why there is resistance to in-browser Anubis-style gating using crypto mining for public sites like this.
But in the case of anubis it's not even used for crypto. It's just wasted.
>You mine crypto and my free service remains cost-neutral. Yes, that transfers some of the cost to you, but it is marginal.
No, the problem is time wasted. I don't care about the electricity cost. Spending 10s to solve a challenge on a 5W SoC translates to 0.0005 cents (yes, cents, not dollars). Meanwhile if I click on a link and it doesn't load in 5s, I'm seriously questioning the value of your blog or whatever, and will probably just close the tab.
Instead of punishing a criminal, you make everybody pay.
This is not only unfair to legitimate users having to pay.
It also needs to explain what actually happens when the Ddos succeeds (I know, you are talking about scrapers, but what’s the difference really?). Does that mean that the attacker just gets to shrug it off.
Don’t take my statements as facts, I just want to outline a few reason I could come up with that show a purely technical solution might not be enough.
Akin to “just use Cloudflare, it’s free”.
Yes it works but why conceding defeat and say “oh from now on you depend on a business to publish a server”?
I don’t like people being burnt at stakes and what I see when I google “residential proxy” does not feel like we cannot identify. More like we are not even trying.
I mean, if residential proxies are tools used to DDOS websites, why is Google advertising them? And if you have Google ads for them, can we really say “ah, if we only knew who these guys are?”.
Manufactured consent. This is not AI, this is just DDoS'ing for extortion and driving towards the closed proprietary "can only be accessed by a sanctioned UA" Internet that they're after. Why else do you think identity verification and attempting to turn the Internet into a walled garden became such a big thing in the recent years?
There are definitely patterns you can use against the scrapers. This maintainer just didn't have time for it, which is understandable.
We direct scraper traffic to a bot-specific server using Cloudflare's load balancer, slowly analyzing traffic and adding conditions one at a time. No accidental scraper DDoS in a long time.
Most scrapers are relatively honest in some way shape or form.
>We direct scraper traffic to a bot-specific server using Cloudflare's load balancer, slowly analyzing traffic and adding conditions one at a time. No accidental scraper DDoS in a long time.
What's the point of this compared to letting cloudflare handle everything automagically? Presumably whatever heuristics they come up with are going to be better than you can, given limited time and budget?
One, their functionality is bad, two, we don't want to block robot traffic. We're redicting it to a separate sever so that overly-large waves don't bring down our main servers. We definitely want to be scraped.
To your point: I think you're simply mistaken that they offer a good scraper-detection solution, but I'm all ears.
What kind of uptime/expectations/etc. are you working with?
Scraper "attacks" don't take down our robot-specific server very often; it's safe for us to take heavy-handed approaches that sometimes redirect users there. 99% (made-up high number) of the time, the misdirected users don't realize anything is amiss.
Start by analyzing your traffic, specifically user agents. Look for "robot" or even "bot" in the user agent and load balance those to a robot-specific server. This can all be done within Cloudflare. The only code is the user agent condition. Note: I'm very open to input here if anyone reading notices that we're shooting ourselves in the feet. Based on our analysis, the remaining traffic is a good picture of our human users.
We have loads of other conditions, mostly balancing specific IP ranges for entities when we know exactly who they are, but this is a good start.
Hedgewars had to lock down its bugzilla and repo too, for the exact same reason. So far the really simple method used (basic auth with the creds posted on the main site) seems to have resisted the scrapers. Presumably if they are too stupid to scrape correctly they are also too stupid to incorporate a trivial auth.
What are they scraping the gentoo bugzilla for? I'm confused. Unless you're actively using Gentoo why would this be a resource? Very confusing. Also you'd think we'd have LLM BitTorrent by now, where if they want to scrape something we get a DHT hash for the content and share it with one another, rather than melt servers with the millionth request of the day.
They're mining the written output of technical talent discussing troubleshooting, bug finding, patches, inter-dependencies, etc. It's an AI trainer's wet dream.
Also: where exactly are AI companies incentivized to be anything but shitty 'neighbors'?
Spam, DDoS attacks and other network abuse used to cause your hosting company or provider to call you and tell you to knock it off or you'll get disconnected, if your provider was reputable. If your provider wasn't reputable, it was likely a matter of time before they would get a nasty call from their upstream provider.
Now it just gets you a thank-you from the sales team for all the bandwidth you bought.
Meanwhile, do any of the cloud providers have any incentive to do anything about this? Hell no. They're making money off you having to ramp up extra or bigger instances. They're making money off the bandwidth. They're making money off the people doing the crawling, too. They're incentivized to do the exact opposite of effectively help you with your AI bot problem.
At this point they've mostly run out of material, so ANY type of content is valuable. Your small personal website, why would they scrape that? It's 10.000 additional words, wouldn't want to miss that. My Github repos.... got to get buggy code from somewhere I guess.
I get what you're asking, and I'm wondering the same. Not all sources are created equally and we see the results all the time. LLMs outputs nonsense all the time, like Flock cameras containing 5 grams of gold and ounces of copper, because they are completely on critical of their sources. Perhaps there's some weights that says: Kernel mailing list, MariaDB documentation and Microsofts Learning sites are 100% trust, Reddit 50%, 4Chan 10%, but I doubt it.
Anthropic might care a little bit, seeing as they scan books, but again, is it just all books? Because other than some flowery language I don't really see the point in scanning a 1970s paperback only spy novel.
The question is, even if you identify who is the source of the traffic, are they even in a place where you can realistically sue them? The problematic traffic generally is not the bots that identify themselves, but the ones that are using residential proxies and try to be a non-fingerprintable as possible.
Then enforcement will target companies providing residential proxy services.
In whatever country they are.
I am not saying this is the magic bullet that will make it all go away. Some will, some will not.
Enforcement’s aim is not to completely eradicate crime: make it anti-economical for the majority and it’s a good deal enough.
Go to Berlin and torrent a movie: you will be fined, for a few hundred euros. Can you VPN and get away with it? I suppose so, but your average Joe is just not going to do it: why pay 10 euro per month on a VPN and risk? Just rent it.
DDOS is also, in general, a criminal charge. What would happen to prices once you get a few inducements? If it’s a crime and enforced, what are the roles of App Stores that let users download residential proxy? Are they also committing a crime? Residential proxy can be used for legitimate purposes? I don’t think that line of defence worked well for Pirate Bay, no?
And yes pirate bay is still around, some scraping will always be there.
The residential proxy operators are also not often within easy reach of western justice systems. Fines for torrenting movies are targeted against end users within the countries (and also not exactly effective, either, because the issue is quite diffuse), but prosecuting criminals in other countries, especially countries which don't really care to stop those criminals so long as they are causing problems for other countries, is not an easy process. The internet is an global system but criminal law generally is not.
Yeah, countries are even using this as a bargaining chip, if not a form of hybrid warfare. Neither Russia nor China is losing any sleep over digital attrition in the west.
I agree in principle. The tech community naturally has a tendency to reach for tech solutions to societal problems. But without jurisdiction, laws are meaningless.
If you create a law that says you have to honour robots.txt files, what do you do if an IP from another country fails to do so?
You check the laws of your country. Likely they say that DDOS are criminal offences, and you can get 10 or 20 years of jail time, already.
Then you report a crime and send the logs. And maybe report to some politician that is tough on crime. And you are not alone.
I am sure you follow through, Pls check also my other comments.
Laws without enforcement are meaningless, without jurisdiction they are less effective.
Maybe yes, some poor guy will find a letter that says he needs to pay 50 USD or EUR to some faraway country because the puzzle app in his tv has weird ToS. Or whatever, a cease and desist letter? A “you are part of a hacking circle please uninstall this app” letter, signed by a judge?
I don’t advocate for people getting thrown in jail, I just think that the whole “residential proxies” issue might be a charade that would not last longer if citizens and businesses would claim rights instead of play victim.
I also really dislike grasping for a tech solution because I don’t want to start to mine crypto to read an article or to depend on some “free” cloud service to host an open bug tracker.
It just feels so weird: why is it that no-one is doing it? I feel like I an one “comment away” from someone explaining to me how naive I am, and yet it’s never coming.
Just put the website behind an x402 gate [0] (yes it uses stablecoins) requiring payment if a bot wants to access the content which acts like a Captcha and detect them if they are on direct data center IP or are using residential proxies.
Stablecoins have a great use-case and you get paid for bots to access the site with the humans living in peace without the site getting botted.
I like lesswrong's approach to this. You get 4xx if you scrape that site but greaterwrong.com serves some kind of static site that is scrape friendly. Seems fine to me.
Though, checking, I see that it requires a login but is still up. I misunderstood what 'closed' meant. This seems fine.
Are we assuming that this is the companies themselves scraping data from training or is this "agents" acting on behalf of users? Nowadays every major chat UI (ChatGPT, Claude etc) has a "tool" that allows LLM to load web pages, so it must generate some traffic.
No, most of the load comes from armies of residential IP addresses that look like Google Chrome on the wire. The major chat UIs properly identify themselves. These waves of attacks do not.
There's a reddit thread from 9 years ago with people complaining the site blocking crawlers and thus not being indexed by search engines. So I'm not sure what they consider "overload." At this point they should dump the db on thepiratebay.
Dumping the database won't stop the scrappers because humans running the scrappers are not even aware Gentoo exists. They're just scrapping every website their bots find.
going on a bit of a tangent here - some discussion there seems to be imply that AI bots mostly use IPv4s, which makes sense to me given that they are probably bots hosted by some cloud. Whereas IPv6 may be more organic traffic from e.g. mobile users (not in this case probably)... which made me think if at some point IPv6 may at some point win against IPv4 just because its more organic traffic (i.e. not from big tech cloud), leading to pages blocking IPv4? Just speculation on my side
Gentoo has pretty much always had a Bugzilla, even back in the early 00s... there never was an alternative plan.
The biggest thing about what's happened today though, is how a "janitor" on the infrastructure team can shut down the entire distros ability to work on bugs. The decision to shut down should have been left to someone else like robbat.
Mgorny has consistently caused issues for Gentoo, and many people have left the community after having to deal with him, but it seems comrel/devrel can't/won't remove him for whatever reason.
Edit: it looks like bgo is up now. Hopefully it stays that way.
Corrected title: "Gentoo bugzilla closed because the guy running it, who says it is 'unusable anyway', saw a lot of traffic from different IP addresses with no clear pattern and accuses AI"
This got modded down to oblivion, but let me just copy and paste the first line of the tweet:
I've taken #Gentoo Bugzilla down, because it was unusable anyway.
No point in feeding the #LLM scrapers that are using thousands of different IPv4 addresses, with no obvious patterns I can see.
Now you might try to interpret what he said as the LLM scrapers made it unusable, but apparently it was usable to the scrapers as he turned it off to stop feeding them. If he can actually attribute the traffic to LLM scrapes, then he can use that same method to identify their requests and block them or shape (slow) their traffic.
He then says not to tell him how to fix it because he doesn't care.
The year is 2026, somehow peoples basic web apps are not able to keep up with scrapers. Scrapers are not new. My side load is like .01 even with 10x the traffic of last year. It's called "serving static content", "caching" and many other things that are not new concepts.
Then you've got good old cloudflare which is free to use
1. You shouldn't need to be a professional sysadmin to be able to deploy a basic semi-dynamic website
2. Considering the spike of complaints over the past two years and the fact that they range from small time site operators to larger orgs (Linux Kernel, GNOME, Duke University, etc), do you think that maybe you're missing part of the problem space?
Our largest offenders seems to be mostly limited to South-East Asia, so probably mostly Chinese AI projects, but that's speculation. I also don't recall ever seeing Grok IP ranges or a specific Grok UA, but that doesn't mean that they're hiding, perhaps they're just not interested.