Non-coding architects were typically a by-track rather than superiors to ICs. Though I imagine some of them could think they were. Product managers also often don't have proper reports in the sense line managers would.

Non coding architects, aka Solution Architects tend to be the next career level after Technical Architect in most organisations I have been part of.

No one would jump directly into a Solution Architect.

PMs yeah, those have had various backgrounds how they came there.

Again, on my personal experience.