Non-contrarian: "Saving kids is good!"

First-order contrarian: "Malthusianism! Overpopulation! Blargh!"

Second-order contrarian: "Education leads to reduced population. People have fewer kids when they know child death is very rare."

Third-order contrarian: "Population collapse! End of growth! Blargh!"

Fourth-order contrarian: "We've dealt with worse and survived. Maybe space colonization will provide a positive impetus for population growth and a new engine for economic growth."